Gandhi's Life, Part Fifteen
Biography of M.K. Gandhi
PART FIFTEEN
Part One Part Two Part Three Part Four Part Five
Postscript
The light of Gandhi's teaching is seen in America today in the work of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., the civil rights leader and winner of the 1964 Nobel Prize for Peace. In his book Stride Toward Freedom Dr. King has written, "I had come to see early that the Christian doctrine of love operating through the Gandhian method of nonviolence was one of the most potent weapons available to the Negro in his struggle for freedom ... In other words, Christ furnished the spirit and motivation, while Gandhi furnished the method."In Stride Toward Freedom there is a chapter called "Pilgrimage to Nonviolence" in which Dr. King discusses Gandhi's influence on him and analyzes the philosophy of Gandhian nonviolence. Excerpts from this chapter follow:
"First, it must be emphasized that nonviolent resistance is not a method for cowards; it does resist. If one uses this method because he is afraid or merely because he lacks the instruments of violence, he is not truly nonviolent. This is why Gandhi often said that if cowardice is the only alternative to violence, it is better to fight ... The method is passive physically, but strongly active spiritually. It is not passive nonresistance to evil, it is active nonviolent resistance to evil.
"A second basic fact that characterizes nonviolence is that it does not seek to defeat or humiliate the opponent, but to win his friendship and understanding. The nonviolent resister must often express his protest through noncooperation or boycotts, but he realizes that these are not ends themselves; they are merely means to awaken a sense of moral shame in the opponent ... The aftermath of nonviolence is the creation of the beloved community, while the aftermath of violence is tragic bitterness.
"A third characteristic of this method is that the attack is directed against forces of evil rather than against persons who happen to be doing the evil ... We are out to defeat injustice and not white persons who may be unjust.
"A fourth point that characterizes nonviolent resistance is a willingness to accept suffering without retaliation, to accept blows from the opponent without striking back. 'Rivers of blood may have to flow before we gain our freedom, but it must be our blood,' Gandhi said to his countrymen. The nonviolent resister ... does not seek to dodge jail. If going to jail is necessary, he enters it 'as a bridegroom enters the bride's chamber...'
"A fifth point concerning nonviolent resistance is that it avoids not only external physical violence but also internal violence of spirit. The nonviolent resister not only refuses to shoot his opponent but he also refuses to hate him. At the center of nonviolence stands the principle of love ...
"A sixth basic fact about nonviolent resistance is that it is based on the conviction that the universe is on the side of justice. Consequently, the believer in nonviolence has deep faith in the future. This faith is another reason why the nonviolent resister can accept suffering without retaliation. For he knows that in his struggle for justice he has cosmic companionship ..."
THE END
Introduction Part One Part Two Part Three Part Four Part Five
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This biography was written by Roberta Strauss Feuerlicht and is reprinted here with the permission of the copyright holder.
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